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This has provided the groundwork for veterinary research efforts and will likely expedite future veterinary translation. Their findings have provided background for human clinical trials and helped characterize the therapeutic utility of 3D bioprinting in veterinary science ( 6). Research efforts targeting human applications have utilized companion animal models to investigate the safety and efficacy of bioprinted tissues. However, bioprinting has significant implications for veterinary medicine as well. The driving force behind recent advances in 3D bioprinting has been its utility in human medicine.
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However, despite recent innovations, 3D bioprinting must overcome significant technological, ethical, and regulatory challenges before it can be implemented in clinical practice ( 5). As a result, the 3D bioprinting industry is predicted to be valued at $1.82 billion USD by 2022 ( 4). Its prospective applications have fueled the expansion of research and commercial efforts lending to significant advancements in the field. In combination with advances in tissue engineering, these technologies could also aid in the treatment of several conditions within veterinary medicine including equine bone fractures, articular cartilage repair, or the generation of more accurate disease models ( 3).
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Access to bioprinted organs could help resolve the current human organ shortage crisis. Bioprinting is a versatile tool able to produce a wide range of tissues and organs. This process follows a workflow comprised of computational modeling, bioink preparation, bioink deposition, and subsequent maturation of printed products ( Figure 1) ( 2). 3D bioprinters use bioinks comprised of living cells and biomaterials to generate 3D printed tissues. This article reviews the current understanding of 3D bioprinting technology and its recent advancements with a focus on recent successes and future translation in veterinary medicine.ģD bioprinting is a rapidly evolving industry that has the potential to reshape regenerative medicine ( 1). While these studies have produced some promising results, technological limitations as well as ethical and regulatory challenges have impeded clinical acceptance. Furthermore, the use of animal-derived cells and various animal models in human research have provided additional information regarding its capacity for veterinary translation. To date, 3D bioprinting has been utilized to create bone, cardiovascular, cartilage, corneal and neural constructs in animal species. Although the main driving force behind innovation in 3D bioprinting has been utility in human medicine, recent efforts investigating its veterinary application have begun to emerge. This technology has already found success in human studies, where a variety of functional tissues have been generated for both in vitro and in vivo applications. Bioprinting involves computational modeling, bioink preparation, bioink deposition, and subsequent maturation of printed products it is an intricate process where bioink composition, bioprinting approach, and bioprinter type must be considered during construct development. It differs from traditional 3D printing in that it utilizes bioinks comprised of cells and other biomaterials to allow for the generation of complex functional tissues.